Medical facts on allergies, symptoms and diseases! HEADER

Medical facts on allergies, symptoms and diseases!



Acne

Acne is an inflammatory skin condition that causes spots on areas of the body and face. Spots result from the build up of dead skin cells and grease that block the pores or hair follicles, typically on the face, upper arms, upper back and chest.

It is not contagious and it has nothing to do with not being clean. Hormonal changes, such as those related to puberty, menstruation and pregnancy, can contribute to acne. There are some medicines that make it worse, including some contraceptive pills and steroids.

Most people experience acne at some time in their lives, typically as young adults. Girls tend to develop it slightly earlier than boys - around the ages of 14-17 compared to 16-19 years, respectively.

Acne can occur later in life. Around five per cent of women and one per cent of men aged 25-40 continue to have acne after adolescence.

Usually it is a mild condition, most commonly during young adulthood, and will resolve by itself. But for 15% of people it is severe.

What causes acne?

Three factors contribute to the acne:

  • Overproduction of oil
  • Irregular shedding of dead skin cells resulting in irritation of the hair follicles of your skin
  • Buildup of bacteria

Contrary to what a lot of people think, foods have little effect on acne. Acne also isn't caused by dirt. In fact, scrubbing the skin too hard or cleansing with harsh soaps or chemicals can cause irritation, which may make acne worse.

What are the symptoms?

As the pores of the skin become blocked, blackheads develop and small, red spots appear. These can turn into pimples or whiteheads filled with pus.

Acne typically appears on your face, neck, chest, back and shoulders, which are the areas of your skin with the largest number of functional oil glands. Acne can take the following forms:

  • Whiteheads - these are created when the openings of hair follicles become clogged and blocked with oil secretions and dead skin.
  • Blackheads - these are similar to whiteheads, but are open to the skin surface and darken.
  • Pimples - these are raised, reddish spots that signal inflammation or infection in the hair follicles.
  • Cysts - these are thick lumps beneath the surface of the skin, which are formed by the buildup of secretions deep within hair follicles.

The spots can become infected and cause significant scarring, particularly if they are scratched or squeezed.

What is the treatment?

Mild acne does not need treating as each inflamed spot will eventually heal. Eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of water will help keep the skin healthy.

Keeping spot-prone areas clean by washing the affected area twice daily with an unperfumed cleanser can help. However, excessive washing and scrubbing of the skin will not help and may even make the inflammation worse.

The aim is to clear the spots and prevent scarring. Treatments work by either unblocking blocked pores, reducing the amount of grease or sebum made by the skin, reducing the inflammation or fighting the bacterium that infects the lesions.

Creams, gels and lotions that can be applied to the skin are available to buy at pharmacies without a prescription. These usually contain antibacterial agents such as benzoyl peroxide, which also works by drying out the skin and encouraging it to shed the surface layer of dead skin.

There are several more oral tablets that can be prescribed by a doctor if the acne persists. Make-up can be used to cover blemishes, but heavy use of concealer may make acne worse.

Any scarring will improve with time. Laser therapy, chemical peels, dermabrasion and other treatments have been suggested for acne scarring. Acne can be extremely distressing and it is important to seek help if you are depressed about it.

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